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large seed bank in the soil that provides a second means of re-establishment after removal of <br /> living colonies. Buckthorn is the other species of concern on site. This shrub is more limited in <br /> distribution and also more readily eradicated, thus we suggest a series of repeated cutting and <br /> application of systemic herbicide to remove buckthorn from the restoration area and eliminate a <br /> source of future propagules. Canada thistle also less widely distributed on-site, and a regime of <br /> spot herbicide treatment or mechanical removal on an annual basis is advisable. <br /> In the disturbed areas,we recommend mulch and a cover crop seed mix of perennial rye <br /> (Lolium perenne), annual rye (Lolium multiflorum), and oats (Avena sative) to quickly cover <br /> exposed soil,prevent erosion from rain and overbank flooding, and serve as a nurse crop for <br /> native seedlings. A native seed mix should be seeded concurrently with the cover crop mix. <br /> These plants grow more slowly, hence the need for an initial cover crop,but once established, <br /> they will provide long term habitat and soil stabilization. An ideal blend will contain a mix of <br /> wild ecotype grasses, sedges and rushes, and a few forbs appropriate for wet meadows or <br /> wetland edges native to Wisconsin (Table 2). The seed mix shall be at least 30% forbs by weight and <br /> 70%grasses by weight. It must contain a minimum of five forb species and three grass species, and <br /> applied at 8 lbs/acre. <br /> Table 2. Recommended species for native seed mix. <br /> Min mum of s Spec:cs of Fortis u J}Specks 0193$45 <br /> brasses" <br /> Common Name Scae,t:tic Name <br /> Blue pint grass Calana rust:scutadensis <br /> Bristty=but:lebresh sexlpe Cam camosa <br /> BottlehtusIVik etmine>edge Cara he>stricinn <br /> Fox ci':sedge Cursx Nulpirsiiica <br /> V.remi roc Cirrusvirsuticus <br /> nark!*nest Scrims num,irenc- <br /> Forbes <br /> ...... <br /> Common?same 5cicnt;ticNamc <br /> Swamp-Mu At milk wevil Astdeviss imam;10.1L1 <br /> Csli yt roe,- Alter laterillo ri <br /> Swamp aster Aster powers. <br /> Spored Joe ore w:cd Eut:atorium nn ulctum <br /> Common 1,,,,ivxA EipituriuntperfuGatu:n <br /> Dogtooth daisy Nelenimn autunvtale <br /> Water hotehaunabugle word Lyeopur amencan s <br /> Wild bcreamct Monarda 5stuleso <br /> area wria'Matsii tkc i. Fame,.wbituletux <br /> puipt,readaa nae Ihahctninidas.car,um <br /> An additional opportunity exists to make use of the native seed bank on site. If there are areas <br /> of high quality vegetation in the same place as the proposed channel restoration, this topsoil <br /> should be carefully scraped and stored for later use. At the end of construction, this topsoil and <br /> its native seed bank can be spread on the disturbed soil before seeding of the cover crop and <br /> native seed mixes. This approach often increases the diversity of wetland plant species and <br /> percentage of wetland plant cover in large scale studies (Brown and Bedford, 1997). <br /> 17 <br />