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Stress(lb/it')=That • where P is pressure, lb/in', D is inside diameter and't is wall thickness,both in inches.Table 5 lists pipeline specifications and hoop stresses produced by internal We at Vibra ech pressurization. As the table shows, the pressuriza• and GeoSonics Inc. Lion-induced circumferential of hoop stresses are takes special pleasure close to 72 pct of yield strengths(and would be exact p p if D was set to outside dcumcter). The PVC is also an in announcing exception for reasons unknown to the authors. Also the alliance of our in table 5 are both stresses and strains equivalent to two companies. 18 pct of yield strength. This 18 pct level is used by some transmission companies as as informal guideline By combining our for transient environmental effects such as traffic resources,we are over a pipeline beneath a highway. The minimum biaxial strain values in table 5 (last now able to provide column) were calculated from the stress-strain equa- the most diversified tion in table 4 based on the worst-case assumption line of seismic that the two strain components peak at the same time instrumentation and and are the same peak amplitude. They are minimums in that they are the lowest (most restrictive) values vibration control that correspond to the 18 pct of SMYS stress. services in the world. Settlement A small amount of settlement was found by laser transit surveys conducted to show dimensional changes. Between May 7 and August 5(90 days),all 5 pipelines settled by amounts of 0.011 to .025 ft 0 (34-76em). Another survey on September 14 (40 RATECH eoSonles Inc. days found additional settlement of 0.011 to .016 ft 11. -M.-Yortng menu (34-49cm). Strains from the small amounts of differ- ential 1-800-992-9395 settlement arc very small. ANALYSIS The last mining cycle bropght the production blast- ing within 48 ft of the closest pipeline(blast 29).There was little backbreak acid no apparent permanent EXPLOSIVE HANDLER SAFETY COURSE ground displacement at this minimum distance of 44 hole diameters. Vibration levels were 25 in/s for this blast on the ground surface and 9.2 to 10.8 on the two instrumented pipelines with no loss of Pipe integrity mu cs e vacs cdM cS eInoe v ihnag s dmeam g e d eto v eplorpE d tyo,sIrouus e n jsuaryfe.t y o r and 9s0lges n ltewiansd (pressure drop. Figures 6 through 10 show matsulrcd byp the Improper handling of eaplosivee, This course wig assist esploslve operators with regulatory compliance and will mike the operator cognizant of the strains,are composites of two types of blasts,different potential hazards and safety proesutions while using, storing,and transporting azimuthal directions and 5 pipelines of two different explosives.TMa course Is highly recommended for managers,supervisors,users, and handlers of explosive marori=IS.Course empha=ls is hande.on training materials. It is not surprising that considerable scatter exists in the summary figures, although a pipe-by-pipe analysis is better. This will be shown in Couna Topic'. Course Dates• the follow-up comprehensive report. Also in com- • OSHA,ATF,DOT Requirements March 1144.1998 mon with other studies, there were problems with use • Explosive Safety May 6-9,1098 • Operations Planning August 54,1996 • Hand=On Exercises September 2246,1994 ISO. , r r t • Firing Systems December 9-12,1996 20e- o f2 ch,WIw - I . t2.Man.Ct0 0 zo-men :::- - Traing conducted ac Course Fee: Louisiana Stae Police Academy $895.00 Single Seton Rouge,Louiina 5850.00 Multiple - - • for addxional informal'on and tegtdratlon confect ie 0 •+ o 0 - Explosive Service International, Limited o a division of William T.Poe t Aseodotes,Inc.• e js : s pQ� 6e !