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<br /> '44. tO40W �,nela Lelt(I�LM Otlk,tm•_Q7,1p/141 Ploalles. SIN MOP' Ten*mtlel 72 set 10 pet 440101741
<br /> M. (00914.4 ns rcuorerent�. tongt_tudtnst tirtwfanntu nominal stre:7 (roo of of biaxial
<br /> 20.10 110o11ne
<br /> _ dlat, pressurltatIOni SMYS SIrt6 write u
<br /> 1 6.10 1.30 101 214 Ulf
<br /> I ,73 2.11 61 90 - 4 void 42,000 560 9.109 10.240 2,564 179
<br /> 4 f:si i:ia Ii f1
<br /> 5 .60 1,42 99 12i a aced 1t,10o• a9 24.211 21.200 f.loo 1So
<br /> 7 .40 1.60 79 65 12 nn 42,000 1104 79.057 30.240 2,560 179
<br /> 4 2.94 10.0 105 311 20 ogee 14,0/0 1040 14,315 11,440 10.000 210
<br /> 9 5.11 4.211 116 220
<br /> II 24.2 66.4 1414 2110 4 PVC 7,000 lid 1.910 6,040 .
<br /> 1a 26.5 61.1 1160 1020
<br /> 11 1.00 1.77 S1 17 '5005•Specified minimum yield strength. le/Ini.
<br /> Id 15. 4.40 540 422 ?NOP-ttulh.allowable oeatttnn4p 9rumf4. lb/in'.
<br /> .
<br /> 17 4,4 4,22 104 160 ttrcuttret4net4I atre44 Duel on 90/21 Men P l4 tnt.reel presture(0004).0 is
<br /> 16 2.16 2.11 !15 121 Insldo 41.Mter APT tt vatl 4444411Yt, If D s the aatstde dlaoeter, the 2 a:tor•
<br /> N 4.74 10.7 216 393
<br /> liulan•tn6ucN .netdty pad to ehe 12 get sr SM5 rpr the I2 end
<br /> Fo•In tpelIMu.
<br /> 20 21.1 42.4 1450 1710 Ta%t,d Iy I $Serrtces and round to he 14.500 imp 91.000 ror the 12. and 20-1e,ro-
<br /> ll 60.) 47,1 2210 1910 r..ctt•a17.
<br /> 24 a 47 1200 1670 atralnt tpgaf44►Y 17550104 slpul pnseY:soak IM pool itressss ti 4004 i Stitle
<br /> 27 112 112 4560 4670 cats. as15g rernulat th 45010 4.
<br /> 30 121 34 9790 al0 Table .5. Pipeline Characteristics
<br /> 30 1a 14 1790 ISa9 �
<br /> 6.,,,Pipeline
<br /> 6 1.59 2.04 72 u
<br /> II 14.0 19.0 651 1400
<br /> 12 11.0 26.7 1260 1174 Blasting Criteria for Steel Pipelines
<br /> u 17.4 46.4 1710 1600
<br /> 17 69 41 2010 2710 Criteria are needed for blasting near pipelines
<br /> '0517 50415 listed are those 0141 HO longitudinal and etrcwferentlil strains. that will insure that damage will not occur and yet
<br /> 411 4443404 ere':redo t.e•6110tnstanal sums.,, laced as peak wale,, riO4r41it
<br /> er 41417 er 04157 01. B, be reasonable with regards to resource recovery
<br /> el - lr--7('I+ 'Is) and other requirements for blasting. The exact defi-
<br /> •4 - n pg E (e1+ 441) nition of damage" is yet to be established but cer•
<br /> Table 4, Peak strain and calculated stresses tainly includes any failures leading to pressure or
<br /> on pipelines product loss and any plastic deformation.The Enron
<br /> Standard (ref 6) specifies allowable stresses of 1,000
<br /> of strain gages and electronics in an unfriendly envi- lb/in' for electrically-welded pipelines and 500
<br /> ronment and for an extended period. Generally, cir- lb/in' for gas-welded or mechanically joined steel
<br /> cunfcrentills strains were higher than longitudinal pipes. As table 4 shows, these stresses have already
<br /> by a rough factor of two and PVC strains higher than been greatly exceeded. Mentioned previously, was
<br /> steel again by about the same factor. Further analysis one guideline which allows 18 pct of yield strength
<br /> is anticipated. for transient environmental excitation caused by
<br /> highway traffic. If this 18 pct guide were adopted
<br /> .THE BLASTING PRIMER for blasting, then stresses and strains listed in table 5
<br /> would apply It is not unreasonable to allow such a
<br /> AT-.BAST! criterion for blasting as it is unlikely that a pipeline
<br /> A PRACTICAL AND BASIC BOOK ON would simultaneously be subjected to traffic stress
<br /> BLASTING AND EXPLOSIVES. and high-level blast vibration. For analysis of
<br /> WRITTEN BY JIM LUDWICZAK,A NATIONALLT RECOGNIZED BLAST• dynamic stresses being added to Static from pres-
<br /> ING AND EXPLOSIVES EXPERT HE HAS OVER FIFTEEN YEARS Ex. surization), only circumferential are probably the
<br /> PERIENCE IN THE EXPLOSIVE AND BLASTING INDUSTRY AS A GOV.
<br /> ERNMENTAL REGULATOR,BLASTER TRAINER.CLAIM AND COM• most critical because of longitudinal constraint. Not
<br /> PLAINT INVESTIGATOR MINE OPERATOR, AND BLASTING only are blast-produced circumferential strains lar
<br /> CONSULTANT y� P g-
<br /> DEVELOPED, DESIGNED AND PRICED TO ALLOW er, but they must be added to those resulting from
<br /> THE FOLLOWING VALUES: pressurization. Longitudinal strains are from the
<br /> -STUDY GUIDE FOR BLASTER CERTIFICATION TRAINING. transient sources alone plus a relatively small com-
<br /> -DAILY REFERENCE FOR BLASTERS IN THE FIELD. 0004 composed of Poisson's factor and some OS-
<br /> -TO GIVE MANAGERS AN UNOERSTANOING OF EXPLOSNES AND THEIR Po P pos-
<br /> USE. sible static bending.
<br /> -A TEXTBOOK FOR STUDENTS OF EXPLOSIVES ENGINEERING. •
<br /> -A initial estimate of a safe level criterion Is OS-
<br /> -A GUIDEBOOK FOR ATTORNEYS AND INSURANCE ADJUSTERS. pos-
<br /> A FEW OF THE AREAS COVERED IN sible from the particle velocity strain comparisons
<br /> THE 120 PAGES ARE: from figures 6 and 8, and extrapolating particle
<br /> TERMINOLOGY PRINCIPLES OF DRILLING velocities corresponding to 150 to 239 gin/in from
<br /> THEORY OF EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES OF
<br /> SELECTION OF EXPLOSIVES EXPLOSIVES table 5, the strains corresponding to 18 pct of mini-
<br /> BLAST VIBRATION AND ELECTRIC INITIATION mum yield strength. Minimum peak particle corre-
<br /> AIR BLAST BLASTING WITH
<br /> NONELECTRIC INITIATION DETONATING CORO sponding to class B, x42 and x56 pipelines are then
<br /> SYSTEMS BLASTING PATTERNS 5, 6 and 8 in/s, respectively, for vertical vibrations
<br /> THE PRICE OF THE-BLASTING PRIMER-IS S20.00 PLUS and slightly higher for radial.
<br /> S1 25 POSTAGE AND HANDLING(KY RESIDENTS ADD 50io It is important to consider if this approach Is con-
<br /> ORDER FROM: P
<br /> SALES TAX). servative. The 18 et criteria allowed for traffic still
<br /> BLASTING AND MINING CONSULTANTS. INC. includes a safety factor, the Specified Minimum Yield
<br /> "BLASTING PRIMER" Strength(SMYS) itself has a safety factor In that It is
<br /> 1801 BONNIE O O. KY, 42301 DRIVE a "minimum" and the blast data are well contained
<br /> OWENSBORO.KY, 42301 by the maximum value envelopes. Strains are calcu-
<br />
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