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Stress(Ib/ia2)=PDTA • . where P is pressure, lb/in2; D is inside diameter and.t is wall thickness, both in inches.Table 5 lists pipeline specifications and hoop stresses produced by internal We at Vibraach pressurization. As the table shows, the pressurize- and GeoSonics Inc. Lion-induced circumferential of hoop stresses are take special pleasure close to 72 pct of yield strengths(and would be exact if D was set to outside diameter). The PVC is also an in announcing exception for reasons unknown to the authors. Also the alliance of our in table 5 are both stresses and strains equivalent to two companies. 18 pct of yield strength. This 18 pct level is used by some transmission companies as as informal guideline By combining our for transient environmental effects such as traffic resources,we are over a pipeline beneath a highway. now able to provide The minimum biaxial strain values in table 5 (last column) were calculated from the stress-strain equn• the most diversified tion in table 4 based on the worst-case assumption line of seismic that the two strain components peak at the same time instrumentation and and are the same peak amplitude.They are minimums in that they are the lowest (most restrictive) values vibration control that correspond to the 18 pct of SMYS stress. services in the world. Settlement A small amount of settlement was found by laser transit surveys conducted to show dimensional changes. Between May 7 and August 5 (90 days),all 5 pipelines settled by amounts of 0.011 to .025 ft k' t� (34-76cm). Another survey on September 14 (40 VIBRATECH days) found additional settlement of 0.011 to .016 ft T7rW.•taM.«aa4„t►a"'" - 1;eoSonlcslne. 1'840 233-6181 1-800-992-9395 (34-49cm). Strains from the small amounts of differ- ential settlement are very small. ANALYSIS The last mining cycle brought the production blast- ing within 48 ft of the closest pipeline(blast 29).There was little backbreak add no apparent permanent EXPLOSIVE HANDLER SAFETY COURSE ground displacement at this minimum distance of 44 hole diameters. Vibration levels were 25 in/s for this blast on the ground surface and 9.2 to 10.8 on the two instruments pipelines with no loss of pipe integrity The 3 1/2 day Course has bean developed to Increase safety and stgnitcandy p p P I s y reduce accldentt Invoiving damage to property,sorleus Injury,or fatalities roused (pressure drop4). Figures 6 through 1b show measured by the Improper handling of esploslvee. This eourss will walla Iaplosi a strains,are composites of two types of blasts,different operators with regulatory compliance and will make the operator and transporting or the p yl potential hazards and safety precautions while using, storing, and tranapoRing azimuthal directions and 5 pipelines of two different eapl05lv05,TMt towns Is highly recommended for managers,supervisors,users, P 1 and handlers of eapioslve materials.Cows•emphasis Is hands-on training materials. It is not surprising that considerable scatter exists in the summary figures, although a pipe-by-pipe analysis is better. This will be shown in Couno Topics- Course Dates- the follow-up comprehensive report. Also in corn- • OSHA,ATP,DOT Requirements March 11-14.1996 mon with other studies, there were problems with use • eau Safety May 6-9,1996 • Operations Planning August 543,1998 • Hands On Eserctsos September 23-26,1996 zss • Firing Systems DoCember 9.12,1998 I I I T I . • 114n ,PVC a 200- 0 12-i•att,N2w • t a0- • 12.1.on.0tO 0 20•rnen Tnlning Conducted at Count P..: a Louisiana State pollee Acedomy $895.00 Single Baton Rouge,Louisiana 5850,00 Multiple 100- • for addalonol larormollon and topl.lrotlon Contact o * Explosive Service International, Limited so,- 0 -9 a division of William T.Poe t Assoclales,Inc. r�, i 1 l7� e: O ; • r P.O. Box 45742, Baton Rouge. LA 70895 0 2 s a a i0 t CtOUNO,IORAIOI.TtunVME'w Figure 1O Longitudinal strain and sui face Phone 504.275.2152 Fax 504.273.2029 transverse vibration Internet email:csita+counterterrorism.com