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Shec P• 1 �y(t";�0� n 1nt Ilpe9Ix•. WS' Iu00' Tangential 72 Oct 11 yet simian
<br /> '.4. M911.d Hal rtvsresi nth, ewe fVdlM -c_Krahrr.Ofill nominal Ltsim from 1 . of 44 biaxial .
<br /> 414m. pr,;;Orltitl0n PMTS SlOTS ■itra'A it
<br /> 20•.1 119t11n4 1
<br /> I 4.30 5.30 111 214 T
<br /> 2 .71 2.01 61 98 4 4644 42.060 560 6.30$ 30,200 1.160 171
<br /> 1 2,24 2.20
<br /> 4 1.54 1.91 127 274 11 43.4 31.090' 801 24.231 21.200 0.300 2.50
<br /> 3 .60 3.62 53 123
<br /> 7 .43 2.56 79 IS 12 Hr. 42,070 1184 29,057 30.240 7,340 179
<br /> 4 2,114 10.0 105 311 Al u144 14,000 1048 14,315 31,440 10,000 239
<br /> 6 2.71 649 120 023
<br /> II 24.2 06.4 1430 2310 8 pvG 7,000 160 1.910 1,040 •.
<br /> 11 U.S 11.3 1360 1920
<br /> 13 1.00 1.77 SO 17 'SAYS.SO.titt,d'.mane Y1.14 1x71^1ab. 10/Int.
<br /> ?non-MUIn+ill.-401,00444t1r4 premise. 10/,1x.
<br /> 16 15.4 4.12 367 422 3CIKM/OreKlal$r 16 Dit,d•4n OD/2t Mare P It teterntl p•Ufprt (I1A0P2.0o Ii
<br /> 17 4.49 4,22 166 100 band'.dlta'Nr and t It vale Nlcknt:l. It D •t tot ortstde 024.42,0. •lrtuu••
<br /> 16 3.34 2.72 13$ 121 l:itld,•IaOucN •.ct 3lY'anal to to. 72 Oct at SMS gar Ne 12 and
<br /> I9 4.76 10.7 210 793 re��1n 1Witw.
<br /> x9.4 1150 1770 l.,t.�07 443S 54110.1 aa4 round to b.30,500 FA 11,000 ter tat 10. tad 00-Ia. rt-
<br /> 20 6.5 /utlal7.
<br /> 31 68.1 $7 2214 1930 ty{rNn1 tleoat44 07.,tuelnp tlMt7un.e0•Oeik and 004.1 ltresl•!as ion{80:7 tole
<br /> 26 00 17 3700 3670 e.,t. d11..q fv..14 1M bblt 4,
<br /> 27 112 112 4760 4670
<br /> 29 191 101 9930 6610
<br /> 30 14 14 1790 1340 Table 5. Pipeline Characteristics
<br /> 1•111 11O01ae
<br /> 0 1.59 2.91 72 13
<br /> 11 14.0 19.0 433 1160
<br /> 12 11.0 26.7 3:60 1170 Blasting Criteria for Steel Pipelines
<br /> 26 10.1 2,.4 2710 2520
<br /> 17 If a 3690 2770 Criteria are needed for blasting near pipelines
<br /> 0117 soap 113144 art t0o14 rttO 00x0 l.nM220dlatl and clrcuntertntlil strains. that will insure that damage will not occur and yet
<br /> All 42003,., 0.4 93ebdi tile-dintnatonal 2axlnunl, 000,0 04 241k tail.,. r,girdli,
<br /> a LIa al p{07r.n«, be reasonable with regards to resource recovery
<br /> 'I - i (, + 'ta) and other requirements for blasting. The exact deft•
<br /> .3 ''' a E ,(•)+ ,4,) nition of damage' is yet to be established but cer-
<br /> Table 4, Peak strain and calculated stresses tainly includes any failures leading to pressure or
<br /> on pipelines product loss and any plastic deformation. The Enron
<br /> • Standard (ref 6) specifies allowable stresses of 1,000
<br /> of strain gages and electronics in an unfriendly envi- lb/in2 for electrically-welded pipelines and 500
<br /> ronment and for an extended period. Generally, cir- lb/in2 for gas-welded or mechanically joined steel
<br /> cuniferentials strains were higher than longitudinal pipes. As table 4 shows, these stresses have already
<br /> by a rough factor of two and PVC strains higher than been greatly exceeded. Mentioned previously, was
<br /> steel again by about the same factor. Further analysis one guideline which allows 18 pct of yield strength
<br /> is anticipated. for transient environmental excitation caused by
<br /> highway traffic. If this 18 pet guide were adopted
<br /> 'THE BLASTING PRIMER for blasting, then stresses and strains listed in table 5
<br /> would apply. It is not unreasonable to allow such a
<br /> AT.fLAST! criterion for blasting as it is unlikely that a pipeline
<br /> A PRACTICAL AND BASIC BOOK ON would simultaneously be subjected to traffic stress
<br /> BLASTING AND EXPLOSIVES. and high-level blast vibration. For analysis of
<br /> WRITTEN BY JIM LUDWICZAK.A NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED BLAST. dynamic stresses being added to Static (from press
<br /> 2N3 AND EXPLOSIVES EXPERT HE.AS OVER FIFTEEN YEARS Ex. surization), only circumferential are probably the
<br /> PERIENCE IN THE EXPLOSIVE AND BLASTING INDUSTRY AS A Gov.
<br /> EMMENTAL REGULATOR.BLASTER INE .CLAI ANO COm. most critical because of longitudinal constraint. Not
<br /> PLAINT INVESTIGATOR AOPERATOR.
<br /> CONSULTANT only are blast-produced circumferential strains larg-
<br /> DEVELOPED, DESIGNED AND PRICED TO ALLOW er, but they must be added to those resulting from
<br /> THE FOLLOWING VALUES: pressurization. Longitudinal strains are from the
<br /> -STUDY GUIDE FOR BLASTER CERTIFICATION TRAINING. transient sources alone plus a relatively small corn-
<br /> -DAILY REFERENCE FOR BLASTERS IN THE FIELD. t composed of Poisson's factor and some pos-
<br /> USE.-TO GIVE MANAGERS AN UNOERSTANOING OF EXPLOSIVES AND THEIR p OnCr1 p
<br /> USE. sible static bending.
<br /> -A TEXTBOOK FOR STUDENTS OF EXPLOSIVES ENGINEERINGAn initial estimate of a safe level criterion Is pos
<br /> -A GUIDEBOOK FOR ATTORNEYS ANO INSURANCE ADJUSTERS. •
<br /> A FEW OF THE AREAS COVERED IN sible from the particle velocity strain comparisons
<br /> THE 120 PAGES ARE: from figures 6 and 8, and extrapolating particle
<br /> TERMINOLOGY PRINCIPLES OF DRILLING velocities corresponding to 150 to 239 pin/in from
<br /> THEORY OF EXPLOSIVES PROPERTIES OF
<br /> SELECTION OF EXPLOSIVES EXPLOSIVES table 5, the strains corresponding to 18 pct of mini-
<br /> BLAST VIBRATION AND ELECTRIC INITIATION mum yield strength. Minimum peak particle corre-
<br /> AIR BLAST BLASTING WITH ondin' to class B, x42 and x56 pipelines are then
<br /> NON•ELECTRIC INITIATION DETONATING CORD s C �
<br /> SYSTEMS BLASTING PATTERNS 5, 6 and 8 in/s, respectively, for vertical vibrations
<br /> THE PRICE OF THE "BLASTING PRIMER"IS 320.00 PLUS and slightly higher for radial.
<br /> S1 25 POSTAGE AND HANDLING(KY RESIDENTS ADD 5°.o It is important to consider if this approach is con-
<br /> SALES TAX). servative. The 18 pct criteria allowed for traffic still
<br /> ORDER FROM:
<br /> BLASTING AND MINING CONSULTANTS. INC. includes a safety factor, the Specified Minimum Yield
<br /> "BLASTING PRIMER" Strength(SMYS) itself has a safety factor in that It is
<br /> 1801 BONNIE CASTLE DRIVE a "minimum", and the blast data are well contained
<br /> OWENSBORO.KY. 42301 by the maximum value envelopes. Strains are calcu-
<br />
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