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Subsurface Exploration and Foundation Evaluation Proposed Golden Oil Refueling Station Stoughton, Wisconsin PSI Project No. 0092822 Page 15 estimated traffic loads and volumes were utilized to derive the following thickness design. If heavier or more frequent traffic is anticipated, the sections in the table may need to be increased. Circulation Areas Wisconsin Pavement And Drives Parking Areas DOT Components (Heavy Duty) (Light Duty) Specifications Asphaltic Section 460, LT/MT* Concrete 1.75" 1.75" (a=0.44) Surface Course Asphaltic Section 460, LT/MT* Concrete Binder 3" 2.75" (a=0.44) Course Aggregate Base 14" 10" Section 305, 1%" Crushed Course Stone (a=0.14) *Asphalt mixture type MT is recommended for heavy duty applications The asphaltic base and surface course should be placed and provided in accordance with Section 455/460 of the State of Wisconsin Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Construction. The crushed aggregate base course should be provided and placed in accordance with Sec. 301/305 of the Standard Specification. It may be advantageous to utilize rigid Portland Cement Concrete pavement at entrance and exit aprons. It is recommended that a minimum of 7 inches of 4,000 psi, air-entrained concrete (5 to 7 percent) be utilized along with a 6-inch thickness of aggregate base for a rigid pavement section. The construction materials and procedures should be in accordance with Section 415 and Section 305 (for concrete and base course, respectively) of the WDOT Standard Specification. The thickness designs shown above are based on the estimated traffic loading; the assumption that all subgrade materials, natural or fill, have minimum strength characteristics equal to or greater than the natural clay soils; the subgrade being properly prepared; and the pavement being properly drained to prevent softening and erosion of the subgrade. Actual service life will be dependent upon deterioration caused by weather conditions and pavement use. All pavement materials and construction must be in accordance with the guidelines of the State of Wisconsin. If design traffic loading is found to be different from that discussed above; or if the soils encountered at planned subgrade vary from the anticipated silty sand or sand soils; a new pavement section design may be necessary. Periodic pavement maintenance is required to keep a pavement, under normal traffic and environmental conditions, as near as possible to its constructed condition. Maintenance is necessary to reduce the effects of pavement stress caused by changes in temperature and moisture, repetitive traffic loadings, and movement of the subgrade soils. As pavement distress is observed, it should be repaired as quickly as possible. Unrepaired areas will generally lead to more severe and widespread distress, and eventually, pavement